Chandni chowk The national capital territory of Delhi with an area of 1483sq.km is situated between the Himalayas and Aravalis range in the heart of the Indian sub-continent. It is surrounded on 3 sides by Haryana and to the east, across the river Yamuna by Uttar Pradesh. The major part of the territory lies on the western side of the river Yamuna, only some villages and the urban area of Shahdara lie on the eastern side of the river.
Land
Area :1483 sq .km
Capital :Delhi
Languages :Hindi, Punjab and Urdu
Chandni chowk The national capital territory of Delhi with an area of 1483sq.km is situated between the Himalayas and Aravalis range in the heart of the Indian sub-continent. It is surrounded on 3 sides by Haryana and to the east, across the river Yamuna by Uttar Pradesh. The major part of the territory lies on the western side of the river Yamuna, only some villages and the urban area of Shahdara lie on the eastern side of the river. Its greatest length is around 33 miles and the greatest breadth is 30 miles. Delhi's altitude ranges between 213 to 305 metres above the sea level.
Geography and physical features
Physically the natural capital territory of Delhi can be divided into 3 segments - the Yamuna flood plain, the Ridge and the Plain. The Yamuna flood plains are somewhat low-lying and sandy and are subject to recurrent floods. This area is also called Khadar. The ridge constitutes the most dominating physiographic features of this territory. It originates from the Aravali hills of Rajasthan and entering the union territory from the south extends in a north eastern direction. It encircles the city on the north west and west. The point near Bhatti has a height of 1045 ft. Tughlaquabad fort is located on one of the highest spurs of the ridge. Leaving aside the Yamuna flood plain (khadar) and the ridge, the entire area of the national capital territory of Delhi is categorized as Bangar or the plain. A major proportion of the area of Delhi is plain and on this are located Delhi, New Delhi and Delhi cantonment along with a vast stretch of numerous villages. The land of the plain is mostly fertile.
Rivers, Canals And Waterways
Yamuna is the main river which passes through the territory. Apart from the flood channels of Yamuna, there are 3 canals i.e., portion of Agra Canal, Hindou Canal and western Yamuna Canal.
Towns and Villages
In Delhi, there are 5 community development blocks comprising of 209 villages of which 199 villages are inhabited while the remaining ten villages are uninhabited.
Climate
Delhi has an extreme climate which is very cold in winter and terribly hot in summer. The cold season begins in November and is at its peak around the time of the New Year and the Ist half of the January. After the middle of March, the weather begin to turn warm and soon it becomes hot so that from April to June one experiences extreme heat when the temperature climbs to 45oC at times. The monsoon arrives towards the end of June. Delhi has a rainy season in winter also. It is important for the farmers of the village of the union territory because the rabi crops benefits by it. Weather is generally dry except for 2-3 months of humidity.
HISTORY
Delhi, the capital of India before and after independence has perhaps seen, more of history than any other city in India. It was 1st created as the capital of an independent kingdom by Tomars in 736 AD and gradually it became the principal city of India and eventually its capital. Delhi changed hands at the end of the 12th century and passed on to the hands of the Muslim conquerors. Qutab-ub-din, Iltumish, Khiljis, Tughlaqs and Mughals ruled Delhi in succession. The city of Delhi passed on to the hands of the British in 1803 AD. It was only in 1911, when the capital of British empire was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, that Delhi got its present prestige. After independence also, a kind of autonomy was conferred on the capital but it largely remained a chief commissioners regime. In 1956 Delhi was converted into a Union territory and gradually the chief commissioner was replaced by a Lt. Governor. In 1991, the national capital territory Act was passed by the parliament and a system of diarchy was introduced under which, the elected Government was given wide powers; except law and order which remained with the central Government. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993.
Tourism
New Delhi, the capital of India, sprawled over the west bank of the river Yamuna is one of the fastest growing cities in India. It is surrounded on three sides by Haryana and to the east, across the river Yamuna by Uttar Pradesh. Historically, the city has long since been the foremost in political importance with successive dynasties choosing it as their seat of power, between the 13th and the 17th centuries. Remnants of the glorious past survive as important monuments in different parts of the city.The myriad faces of the city are simply fascinating. In some places it remains a garden city, tree lined and with beautiful parks, but in some places it can also be crowded with heavy traffic. Turbaned Sikhs, colourfully dressed Rajasthani and Gujarati women working in offices, Muslim shopkeepers along Chandni Chowk in Old Delhi, Tibetans and Ladakhis in the street stalls along Janpath and Kashmiris in the handicraft emporia around Connaught Place, all add to the cosmopolitan feel of the city. Soaring skyscrapers, posh residential colonies and bustling commercial complexes can be seen along with the ancient historical monuments. Its boutiques and shopping arcades offer access to a wealth of traditional and contemporary crafts, from all over the country. Old Delhi which looks entirely different from New Delhi area, is about 6 Km north of the city center.
Delhi has some of the finest museums in the country. The main places to see in Delhi are Parliament House, Qutab Minar, Rashtrapati Bhavan, Lodi Garden, Humayun's Tomb, Birla Mandir, Lotus Temple etc.
The city has extreme climates- it experiences immense heat waves during the summer months and chilly coldness during the winters. The average temperature ranges from 25°C to 46°C during summer and 2°C to 5°C during winter. The best season to visit New Delhi is during the pleasant spring season of February to April and August to November.
ECONOMY
IndustriesDelhi
has a rich heritage of skilled craftsmen. Delhi in olden times gained its importance in arts, crafts and industries like Jewellery, embroidery, silver vases and bowls and tea sets, ornamental jewel boxes made of brass, silk and silk embroidery, ivory carvings, handloom, textiles, copper and brass utensils. In the later half of the 19th century three iron foundries and engineering works were established in Delhi. Delhi's textile industries foundation were laid by the installation of two cotton weaving and spinning mills. First ice factory was set up in 1907 and the first flour mill in 1917, first match factory in 1931, first oil mill in 1932 and the first acid factory in 1934. During the period of 1981-82 to 1989-90 there was an increase of about 62 % in the number of industrial units.
Minerals
As minerals, Delhi has some building and road making materials and some China clay deposits. The building and road making material comprises sand, stone and bajri. The quartzite rock available on the ridge is very useful for the manufacture of stone wares and buildings. Kaolim is used as a principal raw material for refactory industries and fire clay for brick manufacture and china ware.
Communications
From the point of view of transport, Delhi constitute a centre of both national as well as international importance. Delhi is having important road links with different parts of the country from its olden days. The Grand Trunk road, which is a national highway of great importance, passes through Delhi.
Delhi was opened to railway traffic on January 1, 1867. The Delhi Ambala-Kalka railway was opened on March 1, 1891. Today, Delhi is well connected by rail to different parts of the country through its 3 main railway stations. i.e., New Delhi, Delhi Junction and Hazrat Nizamuddin.
Delhi is well connected by Air Service to different parts of the country and the world. The Indira Gandhi International Airport Terminal I used for domestic flight, where as Terminal II serves as an important International airport, linking the different parts of the world. Large number of International air companies and Air India use this airport.
Trade, Commerce and Export
Most important goods manufactured and exported in Delhi are readymade garments and imported things are electronic components. The important trading centres in Delhi are fruit and vegetable market, food grain market, fodder market, cloth market, bicycle market, dry fruit market and hosiery and general market.
Agriculture
Important crops grown in the union territory are wheat, gram, Bajra and Jowar. The important sources of irrigation are Tube wells, wells and canals.
Animal Husbandry
Buffaloes are the main source of milk. Pigs and goats are a main source of meat. Others are horses, ponies, and camels and poultry comprising of fowls and ducks.
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